Example

• Education,
• Vaccination

leads to benefit of the whole of society, including lower unemployment, lower crime rates, and higher economic growth.

Direct Government Provision

Sri Lanka literacy rate is 85%, so government provides free education up to age of 16.

Pros

• Reduction in poverty and income inequality
• Reduces crime rates

Cons

• High upfront costs, diverting funds from other important public services.
• Assumption that more is better
• Assumption that the quality of the things are good too.