Internal energy: Total intermolecular potential energy from the forces between the molecules plus the total kinetic energy from the random movement of all the particles. Heat energy: Energy transferred from a hot object to a cold object. Temperature: Average kinetic energy of all the molecules.

Boltzmann curve: Distribution of particle speeds increases in range for higher temperatures, but the peak lowers. Formula and diagram for the peak.

Conduction as a method of transferring heat: $\frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta t}=kA\frac{\Delta T}{\Delta x}$

Thermal capacity

$C=\frac{Q}{\Delta t}$ specific, is just per gram, so $c=\frac{Q}{m\Delta t}$

Latent heat is the energy required to change state, $L=\frac{Q}{m}$ Greenhouse Gas Ideal gases

Temperature

$E_k=\frac{3}{2}kT$ The formula is different for single molecules Pressure is $\frac{F}{A}$, $P=\frac{1}{3}\rho v^2$

$Q-W=\Delta U$